Among the versions of the Romulus that are commonly known, the Recensio Gallicana is the most widespread in medieval Europe. As a source of readaptations and vernacular translations, the Recensio Gallicana contributed, in turn, to the dissemination of Phaedrus’ fables in the Latin West, with the Romulus being their quintessential medieval Latin paraphrase. This volume presents a new critical edition of the text, based on a review of the manuscript tradition, along with the relevant Italian translation and short commentary. The commentary explores the relationship of the Recensio Gallicana with Phaedrus’ text as well as other versions of the Romulus and, more broadly, with the late antique and medieval fable tradition.